| Author type | Parenthetical citation | Narrative citation |
|---|---|---|
| One author | (Luna, 2020) | Luna (2020) |
| Two authors | (Salas & D'Agostino, 2020) | Salas and D'Agostino (2020) |
| Three or more authors | (Martin et al., 2020) | Martin et al. (2020) |
|
Corporate author with abbreviation First citation Subsequent citations |
(University of British Columbia [UBC], 2020) (UBC, 2020) |
University of British Columbia (UBC, 2020) UBC (2020) |
| Corporate author without abbreviation | (Statistics Canada, 2020) | Statistics Canada (2020) |
Exception
"To avoid ambiguity, when the in-text citations of multiple works with three or more authors shorten to the same form, write out as many names as needed to distinguish the references, and abbreviate the rest of the names to 'et al.' in every citation."
Example:
Kapoor, Bloom, Montez, et al. (2017)
Kapoor, Bloom, Zucker, et al. (2017)
"When only the final author is different, spell out all names in every citation."
Example:
Hasan, Liang, Kahn, and Jones-Miller (2015)
Hasan, Liang, Kahn, and Weintraub (2015)
(Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 2020, pp. 266–267)