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APA Style: Citing Traditional Knowledge or Oral Traditions of Indigenous Peoples

"If you spoke with an Indigenous person directly to learn information . . . use a variation of the personal communication citation: Provide the person's full name and the nation or specific Indigenous group to which they belong, as well as their location or other details about them as relevant, followed by the words 'personal communication,' and the date of the communication. . . . Ensure that the person agrees to have their name included in your paper and confirms the accuracy and appropriateness of the information you present."

Example:

We spoke with Anna Grant (Haida Nation, lives in Vancouver, British Columbia, personal communication, April 2019) about . . .

"If you are an Indigenous person and are sharing your own experiences or the previously unrecorded Traditional Knowledge or Oral Tradition of your people, describe yourself in the text (e.g. what nation you belong to, where you live) to contextualize the origin of the information you are sharing. Do not use a personal communication citation or provide a reference list entry because you do not need to cite personal information."

(Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 2020, p. 261).