"For the purposes of this Act, copyright, in relation to a work, means the sole right to produce or reproduce the work or any substantial part thereof in any material form whatever, to perform the work or any substantial part thereof in public or, if the work is unpublished, to publish the work or any substantial part thereof, and includes the sole right . . ." (sec. 3(1)).
Copyright Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. C-42)
Substantial copying must be fair and it must be for a permitted purpose. Otherwise, the copying infringes copyright.
"Fair dealing for the purpose of research, private study, education, parody or satire does not infringe copyright" (sec. 29).
Copyright Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. C-42)
Insubstantial copying does not infringe copyright.
"Under the Act, 'copyright, in relation to a work, means the sole right to [. . .] reproduce the work or any substantial part thereof.' [emphasis added] Therefore, 'copyright' does not include the right to reproduce a part of a work, where the part of the work that is reproduced is not a substantial part thereof" (emphasis added) (par. 177).
Decision of the Board. Copyright Board of Canada, 22 May 2015